Health Concerns

Fish are densely stocked in pens to maximize productivity. These overcrowded conditions foster the rapid growth of bacteria and fungi, necessitating various measures to maintain water quality, manage pests, and prevent the spread of harmful organisms.

Among these are the frequent use of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Directly, the use of these substances poses risks to the farm workers who handle them and those who live near farms, via water contamination. Over time, these substances accumulate in farmed fish and the wider environment. Indirectly, but insidiously, they pose harm to the greater population.  

For example, Formalin, a derivative of formaldehyde (a known carcinogen), is a commonly used disinfectant to contain parasitic infections, such as sea lice, and fungal growth in pens.  Antibiotics, such as oxytetracycline, are administered in a variety of ways–through fish feed, baths, or injections–creating a build-up that contributes to antibiotic resistance. The widespread use of these substances has long-term impacts on the broader environment, affecting both wildlife and humans.