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Research
Jan 21 - 2010
EN Europe

Seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) monitoring in western Mediterranean: implications for management and conservation

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

The seagrass Posidonia oceanica is extensively monitored in Mediterranean coastal waters and is an ideal candidate for an eco-regional assessment of the coastal ecosystem. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of P. oceanica as eco-regional indicator for its assessment at the scale of Mediterranean basin. For this purpose, regional and national P. oceanica monitoring programmes are identified, and their data and metadata are collected and compared in terms of objectives, strategies, sampling designs and sampling methods. The analysis identifies a number of issues concerning data quality, reliability and comparability. In particular, the adoption of different sampling designs and methods may introduce relevant errors when comparing data. The results of this study stress the necessity of carefully planning monitoring programmes. Moreover, it highlights that the adoption of a number of common tools would facilitate all Mediterranean monitoring activities and allows an optimisation of management efforts at an eco-regional scale. By Christine Pergent-Martini

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Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed)
Research
Apr 15 - 2010
EN Europe

Effects of marine cage aquaculture on macrofauna assemblages associated with Posidonia oceanica meadows

Italian Journal of Zoology

Marine cage aquaculture has the potential to severely impact Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows and its associated fauna. In order to assess the impact of fish farming in a littoral bay of Corsica, France, physico-chemical (mud and organic matter) and biological (density and compactness of P. oceanica beds and associated macrofauna) variables have been examined in two stations putatively impacted to different degrees (St1 and St2) and in two unimpacted stations (Controls: C1 and C2). Principal Component Analysis of meadow structural variables (shoot density and compactness of matte) and abiotic variables (mud and organic matter percentage into sediment) highlighted differences among stations and, particularly, differences between impacted stations and controls. Results from C1 and C2 totally overlapped. St1 was the station which differed the most from controls. Compared with control stations, St1 and St2 were characterized by higher values of organic matter and mud and by lower values of shoot density and matte compactness. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) did not show significant differences between C1 and C2 in the structure of macrofauna assemblages, whereas significant differences between the two impacted sites and between these and the control conditions emerged. Differences in assemblages were well correlated with the measured abiotic variables. The analysis showed that the species most responsible for difference among stations were typical of muddy sediment with high organic matter content. These species had higher mean abundance values at impacted stations than at controls. This study suggests fish farming determines an increase of organic matter and sedimentation, which resolve in changes in structural properties of the seagrass meadows and, consequently, changes in the associated macrofauna assemblages. 

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Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed)
Research
Oct 16 - 2017
EN Europe

Seagrass mapping in Greek territorial waters using Landsat-8 satellite images

International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation

Seagrass meadows are among the most valuable coastal ecosystems on earth due to their structural and functional roles in the coastal environment. This study demonstrates remote sensing's capacity to produce seagrass distribution maps on a regional scale. The seagrass coverage maps provided here describe and quantify for the first time the extent and the spatial distribution of seagrass meadows in Greek waters. This information is needed for identifying priority conservation sites and to help coastal ecosystem managers and stakeholders to develop conservation strategies and design a resilient network of protected marine areas.
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Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Marine Protected Areas
Opinion
Apr 03 - 2023
EN Europe

Industrial Fisheries Impact on Western Greece

Katheti

The Areas of Organized Aquaculture Development (ΠΟΑΥ) are zones of exclusive activity of fish farms and other types of aquaculture. They occupy vast sea and land areas. The industrial fisheries impact on Western Greece are significant both in the marine environment and the inhabitants’ quality of life.
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Poros / Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Tourism / Sea Bass / Sea Bream
Opinion
Jul 29 - 2024
EN Global

There’s a New Reason to Save Life in the Deep Ocean

New York Times

Just as we are learning to appreciate the extraordinary service of creatures in the twilight zone, companies that manufacture feed for industrial fish farms, fertilizer and omega-3 supplements are preparing to exploit it. Right now nations are considering authorizing commercial fishing fleets to grind life in the twilight zone into fish meal, fertilizer and plant food. Before they move forward with these plans, it would be wise to hit pause so we can understand how that decision will affect our planet.
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Marine fauna / Biodiversity loss / Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Climate change
Research
Jan 01 - 2007
EN Europe

Monitoring methods for Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows in Provence and the French Riviera

Scientific Reports of Port-Cros National Park

The Posidonia Monitoring Network is an extensive system put in place in 1984 to monitor the health of Posidonia meadows around Provence and the French Riviera. It aims to track the effects of human activity to help shape policies around marine protected areas.
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Harmful Algal Blooms / Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Marine Protected Areas / Legislation
Research
Jan 01 - 2022
EN North America

Harmful Algal Blooms

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute

A 2022 special report from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, examining the threat of harmful algal bloom growth and the actions being taken to address it.
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Marine fauna / Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Biodiversity loss / Tourism / Bivalves
Interactive / Website
May 01 - 2025
EN Global

The Sea We Breathe

Blue Marine Foundation

Blue Marine Foundation is a charity dedicated to restoring the ocean to health by addressing overfishing, one of the world’s biggest environmental problems. Dive into Blue Marine's new virtual reality experience to learn why ocean action is climate action. Narrated by Helena Bonham Carter.

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Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Marine Protected Areas / Marine fauna / Climate change
Research
Sept 01 - 2023
EN Global

Analysis of Farmed Seaweed Carbon Crediting and Novel Markets to Help Decarbonize Supply Chains

The Nature Conservancy

Interest in seaweed as a potential nature-based solution to climate change has skyrocketed in recent years. There is significant energy among NGOs, corporations, startups, governments, and others to explore how seaweed can play a role in sequestering carbon and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in supply chains by substituting seaweed for other products, bring us closer to a net-zero emissions future. In partnership with Bain & Company, The Nature Conservancy (TNC) examined the potential to support significant near-term growth over the next five to ten years in seaweed farming through two analyses: Through this assessment, TNC’s goals were to inform next steps for its own Restorative Seaweed Initiative, and to provide clear guidance to seaweed farmers, research partners, governments, fellow NGOs, and foundations.
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Climate change / Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Investment and subsidies / Plant-based (e.g. seaweed or kelp)
Opinion
Dec 01 - 2023
EN Europe

Article on TVXS on the sustainability of aquaculture in Greece

Archipelagos Institute of Marine Conservation

Exploring the dilemma between development in Greece of fish farming for economic gain versus environmental and health concerns.
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Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Salmon / Sea Bass / Sea Bream / Marine fauna
Opinion
Feb 01 - 2012
EN Europe

New Legislation Opens the Way for Intensive Aquaculture

Archipelagos Institute of Marine Conservation

Archipelagos Institute and the Municipality of Patmos have joined forces to strongly oppose the establishment of fish-farms in the seas of Patmos and the surrounding islands and islets. These potentially large scale fish-farms—made possible as a result of the new legislation passed on aquaculture—threaten to damage, if not destroy, the highly diverse and productive coastal ecosystems of the region. Intensive fish-farming—as practiced for the last couple of decades in the Greek seas—has already directly and negatively impacted the health and productivity ofseas in the region, and inevitably causes significant consequences on fisheries and tourism.
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Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Marine fauna / Organic waste (e.g. feed or feces) / Chemicals (e.g. Formaldehyde) / Biodiversity loss / Legislation
Opinion
Apr 03 - 2023
EN Europe

Poseidon’s grass

Katheti

The underwater posidonia meadows are among the most productive marine ecosystems of the Mediterranean. They host more than 1300 species of fauna and flora, among them many fish of fishery importance. It releases valuable oxygen, and therefore limits the effects of climate change. Poseidon’s grass is precious, but under constant threat.
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Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Marine fauna / Inorganic waste (e.g. plastics) / Tourism / Poros / Regulatory / Sea Bass / Sea Bream
Opinion
Apr 04 - 2023
EN Europe

No industrial-scale fish farms at Poros!

Katheti

The establishment of industrial-scale fish farms at Poros is a decisive action for the future of the island, with significant effects on its character and the quality of its natural environment.
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Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Marine fauna / Tourism / Legislation / Poros / Sea Bass / Sea Bream
Research
Dec 01 - 2023
EN Europe

Monachus monachus, Mediterranean Monk Seal

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

The Mediterranean Monk Seal has rebounded from critically endangered status, but unpredictable threats exist, including disease, toxic algal blooms, cave collapses, pollution, and climate change. Greece supports a growing range of habitat for the monk seal, but the government must prioritize conservation efforts to protect them. Fisheries contribute to the pollution that threatens this species.
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Inorganic waste (e.g. plastics) / Harmful Algal Blooms / Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Marine fauna / Marine Protected Areas / Climate change / Biodiversity loss / Legislation
Investigative Journalism
Aug 22 - 2023
EN Europe

Greek island's fierce opposition to the uncontrolled growth of fish farming

Le Monde

Designated by the Greek government as a strategic area for aquaculture, Poros could soon see a quarter of its coastline invaded by fish breeding ponds. Local residents are up in arms against the project, which they believe will negatively impact tourism.
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Inorganic waste (e.g. plastics) / Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Marine Protected Areas / Organic waste (e.g. feed or feces) / Tourism / Sea Bream / Sea Bass
Research
Nov 23 - 2023
EN Europe

Aquaculture in tourist destinations: the need to consider economic aspects in environmental impact studies

Current Issues in Tourism

This article critically analyzes the implementation of marine farms in the Costa Blanca (Alicante), one of the most consolidated Sun and Beach tourist destinations in the Mediterranean. The case study shows that the environmental impact studies and other documentation accompanying these projects do not include tourism aspects, which represents a deficiency that jeopardizes the economic and social sustainability of the projects.
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Harmful Algal Blooms / Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Marine fauna / Organic waste (e.g. feed or feces) / Biodiversity loss / Tourism / UN: Environment Programme EU Commission on Fisheries
Documentary Films
Feb 01 - 2010
EN Europe

How I fell in love with a fish

TED Talks

Chef Dan Barber squares off with a dilemma facing many chefs today: how to keep fish on the menu. With impeccable research and deadpan humor, he chronicles his pursuit of a sustainable fish he could love, and the foodie's honeymoon he's enjoyed since discovering an outrageously delicious fish raised using a revolutionary farming method in Spain.
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Organic waste (e.g. feed or feces) / Chemicals (e.g. Formaldehyde) / Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Fish in / Fish Out (FIFO) / Value chain / Tuna / Salmon / Shrimp
Investigative Journalism
Oct 24 - 2024
EN Global

Industrial Fishing Undermines World’s Greatest Carbon Sink, Experts Warn

DeSmog

Damage to oceans is releasing vast amounts of CO2, despite efforts to market fish as a sustainable food. By Sophie Kevany
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Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Marine fauna / Marine Protected Areas / Climate change / Fish in / Fish Out (FIFO) / Fish Meal / Fish Oil Processing / Legislation
Documentary Films
Jan 28 - 2023
EN, GR Europe

David vs Goliath: Worldwide Coastal Communities vs Industrial Fish Farms

Katheti

Independent journalist Francesco De Augustinis explores the impact of the Area of Industrial Development of Aquaculture planned for Aetolia-Akarnania in Western Greece, where fish cages will occupy 100 hectares and another 100 hectares will be used for other activities. Inhabitants of the islands and villages protest against the fish farms and any further expansion project. In the past ten years they have watched their sea become contaminated and poor in natural resources. The industrial fisheries at Western Greece have also had an impact on Posidonia meadows, which is now absent or very deteriorated.

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Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Marine fauna / Organic waste (e.g. feed or feces) / Legislation / Poros / Sea Bass / Sea Bream
Research
Apr 19 - 2016
EN North America

Aquacultures' Effect on the Environment

UMASS Amherst, Debating Science

Aquaculture has a negative effect on the environment through both sediment and nutrient pollution.
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Harmful Algal Blooms / Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Organic waste (e.g. feed or feces) / Marine fauna / Investment and subsidies / Tourism / Small-scale fishers / Legislation / Salmon / Shrimp
Investigative Journalism
Jun 26 - 2023
EN Europe

Saving Poros

Katheti

Paradoxically, it is precisely the pristine nature of Poros that is marking its future: the absence of large production or tourist activities was considered by the Greek authorities a criterion for including the island in a list of allocated zones for the expansion of industrial fish farming.
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Tourism / Poros / Investment and subsidies / Marine Flora (e.g. Poseidon meadows or seaweed) / Marine fauna / Organic waste (e.g. feed or feces) / Chemicals (e.g. Formaldehyde) / Antibiotics / IUUs (illegal unreported and unregulated) / Labor / Regulatory / Sea Bass / Sea Bream
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